(Colonial Secretary Lord Hillsborough rejected his resignation. Hutchinson was born in Boston, where his father, the great-grandson of Anne Hutchinson, was a wealthy merchant and ship owner. [38] His attempts to explain his position only fuelled the opposition, who recounted his early unpopular acts and questioned his motives in those deeds. The eldest son of Elisha Hutchinson (1641-1717), Thomas Hutchinson was born in Boston in 1674. Anne Browne was born in 1603, in Inkberrow, Worcester, England. In 1781, Hutchins was named Geographer of the United States. [75][82] In May 1774 General Thomas Gage arrived in Boston to take over as governor, and to implement the "Coercive Acts" Parliament had passed as punishment for the tea party. [50] Hutchinson went to the scene in the aftermath of the shooting and promised that justice would be applied fairly. [85] At the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War in April 1775 his Milton mansion was seized for use as an army barracks, and a trunk containing copies of much of his correspondence fell into rebel hands. Most Popular. [95], Biographers in the 20th century have, however, rehabilitated his reputation, seeking to explain how and why he came to be demonized in this way. [15], In 1742, Hutchinson was again elected to the General Court, where he served until 1749, being the body's speaker from 1746 to 1749. [73] The letter authorizing his return did not reach Boston until November 1773, too late for him to depart that year;[74] his request and the assembly's petition would not be heard until early 1774. The house finishings (wainscoting and other decorative woodwork) were effectively destroyed, and even the building's cupola was taken down in violence that lasted the entire night. Instructions that particularly galled Samuel Adams included one restricting the meetings of the governor's council, and another limiting the appointment of colonial agents to individuals having the governor's approval. After it became known that other tea ships sent to North America had turned back, Hutchinson continued to justify his actions in letters to England, anticipating hearings on the matter once he arrived there. Biography. [98] Carl L. Becker, a prominent American historian wrote: "Nothing would have pleased him [Hutchinson] more than that New England should have shown its emancipation from provincialism by meriting the goodwill of the King. He married Jean Victoria McClelland and they had two daughters. He was a politically polarizing figure who came to be identified by John Adams and Samuel Adams as a proponent of hated British taxes, despite his initial opposition to Parliamentary tax laws directed at the colonies. [67], Hutchinson's letters, written between 1767 and 1769 to Thomas Whately, a retired former leading member of the British government, included the observation that colonists couldn't have the full rights they would have in the home country, essentially requiring an "abridgment of what are called English liberties". He died on 24 Apr 1923 in Morden, Manitoba, Canada. Thomas W Hutchinson He wrote a three-volume History of the Province of Massachusetts Bay whose last volume, published posthumously, covered his own period in office. Updates? The son of a wealthy merchant, Hutchinson devoted himself to business ventures before beginning his public career (1737) as a member of the Boston Board of Selectmen and then the General Court (legislature) of Massachusetts Bay, where he served almost continuously until 1749. His son Thomas (gen 6) was born in Cropwell Butler, Nottinghamshire, England. Thomas Hutchinson was 18 years old when Albert Einstein publishes his first paper on the special theory of relativity. According to the autobiographical sketch of his childhood, Hutchinson turned a modest gift from his father of "five quintals of fish" into between 400 and 500 by the time he was 21. He continued to rise in politics by serving as a member of the state council (174966), chief justice of the Superior Court (176069), and lieutenant governor (175871). Insisting on his right to make up his own mind, he demands freedom of thought and action, and does not let anything or anyone stand in his way once he is committed to his goal. Thomas senior died at Pudsey (buried at Calverley, 22nd May 1697). Although Hutchinson apparently had no hand in this assignment, his opponents were quick to accuse him of further duplicity. He had all of the British soldiers involved in the incident arrested the next day, but ongoing unrest in the city compelled him to request the withdrawal of British troops from the city to Castle William. [59] In England the colonial secretary, Lord Dartmouth, insisted to colonial agent Benjamin Franklin that the Massachusetts assembly retract its response. THOMAS HUTCHINSON has lived for half a century in Bowling township, Rock Island county, and now makes his home on section 13. Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics. Thomas married Rose Shoniker on 8 Jan 1906 in Hastings, Ontario, Canada. Biographer Andrew Walmsley observes that Hutchinson at this stage seriously underestimated the impact of these attacks in building a coherent opposition to crown control, and in the damage, it was doing to his own reputation. login . We know that Thomas C. Hutchinson Jr had [94] He was also criticized by British political figures: Thomas Pownall continued to disagree with Hutchinson after the latter's exile, Francis Bernard (despite working on Hutchinson's behalf) disapproved of some of his actions, and Lord North believed the publication of his letters to be responsible for the outbreak of the war. Commemorated on Page 261 of the First World War Book of Remembrance. Birthdate: 1800. 9,11 In Jul 1879, Francesca Hutchinson was born. Franklin, as colonial agent, was forced to listen to a barrage of criticism and was dismissed as colonial postmaster general. [91] He suffered a stroke and died at Brompton in west London on 3 June 1780, aged 68, and was buried in Croydon Minster in south London. Thomas Hutchinson, (born September 9, 1711, Boston, Massachusetts [U.S.]died June 3, 1780, London, England), royal governor of the British North American Province of Massachusetts Bay (177174) whose stringent measures helped precipitate colonial unrest and eventually the American Revolution (177583). [62] The letters came into the hands of Samuel Adams, then serving as the clerk of the assembly, who engineered their publication in June 1773. Two volumes were published in his lifetime: Volume 1 of the History of Massachusetts appeared in 1764, and Volume 2 in 1767. He attended Harvard College and earned his degree at age 16. Explore genealogy for Thomas Hutchinson born abt. Thomas Hutchinson is a born leader, with extra-ordinary drive and determination. Immediate Family: Son of Samuel G. Hutcheson; Samuel G Hutchenson; Hannah Cheadle Brame and Hannah Chedle Hutchinson. . Even though he wasn't a supporter of the Stamp Act, he still enforced the tax. At the same time, he worked to complete a history of the Hutchinson family, in which he encapsulated details on political affairs not found elsewhere. Omissions? When the twenty-day deadline arrived on 16 December, protestors (some in Indian disguise) boarded the ships that night, and dumped the tea into the harbor. [30], When the Sugar Act was being discussed in Parliament in 1763, proposals were put forward to send Hutchinson to England to represent the colony's opposition to the proposal. As acting governor in 1770, he exposed himself to mob attack in the aftermath of the Boston massacre, after which he ordered the removal of troops from Boston to Castle William. [71] Hutchinson was defended in print by provincial attorney general Jonathan Sewall, who claimed that Hutchinson was not actually expressing desired changes in the state of affairs but ruminating instead on possible consequences of present conditions. The political opposition of Shirley supporters and the death of some of his leading populist supporters may have contributed to this decision. We know that Dianne (Thomas) Hutchinson had been residing in Texas. His younger brother was Foster Hut After the war he attended Osgoode Hall and graduated as a barrister and solicitor in 1920. He has been referred to as "the most important figure on the loyalist side in pre-Revolutionary Massachusetts". Anthony (gen 5) was born in Cowlam Yorkshire, England about 1454. The third volume would be published posthumously, and included his own tenure as lieutenant governor and governor. [citation needed] When the assembly met to draft a petition to London on the matter in October 1764, Hutchinson opposed the inclusion of the radicals' language, and eventually pushed through a more moderate statement of opposition. [19] In 1749 he headed a commission to arrange a treaty with the Indians in the District of Maine,[20] which was then part of Massachusetts, and he served on boundary commissions to settle disputes with Connecticut and Rhode Island. 9 On 29 Feb 1876, Guy Thomas Hutchinson was born. [25] Pownall, whose mistrust of Hutchinson was reciprocated, requested to leave to return to England in late 1759. 1586 - 1630) Thomas. This Hutchinson refused to do since he saw these actions as harming the province's stability and taking place at "the caprice of the governor". In 1828, he married Elizabeth, only daughter of Captain John Mercer. [42] Hutchinson's detailed inventory (reprinted by biographer James Kendall Hosmer) valued the damage done at more than 2,200, and he eventually received over 3,100 from the province for his troubles. The main piece, a parcel of land known as Governor Hutchinson's Field, is owned by The Trustees of the Reservations and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. John married Anna Maria Ellis daughter of Marmaduke Ellis and Mehetable Barton on 4 Feb 1863 in Prince Edward, Ontario, Canada. Elizabeth's father, Thomas Hutchinson, was born about 1586, in Inkberrow, Worcester, England. [100][101] Boston, which had landmarks named after the Hutchinson family, took pains upon his departure to rename them.[102]. [72], The Massachusetts assembly drafted a petition to the Board of Trade demanding Hutchinson's removal from office, and Hutchinson, concerned with the effect the letter publication and the assembly petition would have in London, requested permission to come to England to defend himself. Hutchinson was originally in harmony with his colleagues, even attending the Albany Congress of 1754, which projected a plan of union among the colonies. [83], Upon his arrival in London, Hutchinson was granted an audience with the king, who questioned him on affairs in North America, and he was well received by Rockingham, Dartmouth, and Lord North, the prime minister. Barbara Tuchman, for example, portrays Hutchinson as an "ill-fated" and "tragic figure". [10][11] The marriage secured a political alliance between Hutchinson and Andrew and Peter Oliver which lasted long after Margaret's death. Birthday. "[3] Scholars use Hutchinson's career to represent the tragic fate of the many Loyalists marginalized by their attachment to an outmoded imperial structure at a time when the modern nation-state was emerging. Thomas Hutchinson was born in Hamilton, Ontario and received his schooling in Hamilton. [76][77] This caused colonial merchants all over the North American colonies to organize opposition to the deliveries of the company's tea. This caused a mob of angry patriots to go to Thomas Hutchison's house and burn it. [16] His continued advocacy of currency reforms so annoyed the populist faction that the need to guard his properties in Boston and Milton from possible mob action was discussed. Young Thomas entered Harvard College at twelve, graduating in 1727. 9 On 21 Sep 1874, Elnora Hutchinson was born. The couple had twelve children, only five of whom survived to adulthood before Margaret died in 1754 from complications of childbirth. But he was deeply loyalist and resisted the gradual movement toward independence from the British crown. John Thomas Hutchinson was born about 1836 in Hillier twp, Prince Ed Co, Ontario, Canada. He wrote History of the Colony and Province of Massachusetts Bay, 3 vol. [29], In 1761 Hutchinson brought upon himself a storm of protest and criticism by issuing writs of assistance, documents that authorized essentially arbitrary searches by customs officials. Against the advice of both houses of the legislature, in 1773 he insisted that a shipment of imported tea be landed before being given clearance papers; this resulted in the Boston Tea Party, in which dissidents dumped the import into the harbour. Thomas Hutchinson (September 9, 1711 June 3, 1780) was the American colonial governor of Massachusetts from 1771 to 1774 and a prominent Loyalist in the years before the American Revolutionary War. [55] The nature of the affair furthered the radical cause, whose proponents painted Hutchinson's action as a bold and devious attempt to further the executive prerogative. In the 1970s he saw Hutchinson as a bewildered pragmatist. He was also sensitive to the needs of the military men involved in the war, often giving aid to needy families of veterans. This position was unpopular with the populist party in the province, and Hutchinson was voted out in the 1739 election. Thomas II (gen 9) was born in Newark, Nottinghamshire, England in 1565 and moved to Arnoldsomewhere between 1601 and 1605. His house had the most enriched library ever in the thirteen colonies. They also raised flags elsewhere in the colonies and in England, where observers noted that Hutchinson's arguments had effectively driven moderates in the province to join with the political hardliners. . [45], Because of the controversy over the Stamp Act, the radical faction came to control both the assembly and the governor's council in 1766, and Hutchinson was denied a seat on the governor's council. Birthplace: Wayne, Wayne County, NE, United States. Because many Bostonians considered that he had instigated the repugnant Stamp Act of 1765, a mob sacked his splendid Boston residence that year, destroying a number of valuable documents and manuscripts. Thomas was born in May 1640, in Beverly, Yorkshire, England. He was replaced as governor in May 1774 by General Thomas Gage, and went into exile in England, where he advised the government on how to deal with the colonists. Thomas Hutchinson, (born September 9, 1711, Boston, Massachusetts [U.S.]died June 3, 1780, London, England), royal governor of the British North American Province of Massachusetts Bay (177174) whose stringent measures helped precipitate colonial unrest and eventually the American Revolution (177583). Jula Hurchardson was listed as the 40 year old wife of 49 year old A Huchardson living in Douglas Township, Mitchell County, Iowa. Hutchinson's relationship with Pownall was awkward, for Pownall was at the center of political activities that dislodged Governor Shirley, under whose patronage Hutchinson had risen in power and influence. Mrs. Hutchinson was also descended from Rhode Island governor, Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, Lieutenant Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, Massachusetts Superior Court of Judicature, Old Burying Ground (Halifax, Nova Scotia), United States Declaration of Independence, https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0100438, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hutchinson_(governor)&oldid=1021599485, Harvard College Loyalists in the American Revolution, Lieutenant Governors of colonial Massachusetts, Justices of the Massachusetts Superior Court of Judicature, Members of the colonial Massachusetts Governor's Council, Members of the colonial Massachusetts House of Representatives, Articles using NRISref without a reference number, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Freiberg, Malcolm> "Thomas Hutchinson: The First Fifty Years (1711-1761)", Hattem, Michael D. "The Historiography of the American Revolution". He refused, and only the intervention of a moderate leader prevented any action that night. [49], Hutchinson was still acting governor when protests over the Townshend taxes erupted into the Boston Massacre on 5 March 1770, when British soldiers fired into a crowd, killing five people. The assembly's petition was dismissed as "groundless" and "vexatious", but Hutchinson's request for leave was granted. Pownall cultivated relations with the populist factions in the state and sought to remove the influence of Shirley supporters, sometimes asking Hutchinson to turn against people he (Hutchinson) had earlier supported. [7] His father introduced him to the business world early, and he displayed remarkable business acumen. George Thomas Hutchinson was an Esquire of Whitton House, county Durham, was born in 1794. [88] On 4 July 1776, Hutchinson was awarded an honorary doctorate of law by Oxford University. Thomas William Hutchinson family tree. Thomas Hutchison believed that the Parliament should be controling the 13 colonies but he wasn't a supporter of the Stamp act. He was blamed by Lord North (the British Prime Minister at the time) for being a significant contributor to the tensions that led to the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War.[2]. Much colonial protest followed, and Hutchinson agreed with vocal opponents like the Otis (who around this time began using the phrase "no taxation without representation") that the law harmed the Massachusetts economy. [66] The letters were reprinted throughout the colonies, and Hutchinson was burned in effigy in places as far away as Philadelphia during the uproar. This was seen by the radicals as a further usurpation of power that rightfully belonged in the province. Is this your ancestor? Born September 9, 1711, Thomas Hutchinson was a successful merchant, prominent politician and one of the most important loyalists in the Massachusetts Bay Colony before the American Revolution. They grew by your neglect. The Oliver brothers were also related to Massachusetts governor Jonathan Belcher and to New Hampshire lieutenant governors William Partridge and George Vaughan (Harvard Class of 1696). Governor Bernard, however, objected to sending the sitting lieutenant governor, and the bill was enacted. The family silver, furniture, and other items were stolen or destroyed (although some items were eventually returned), and Hutchinson's collection of historically important manuscripts was scattered. Described by one architectural historian as "the first developed example of provincial Palladianism in New England,"[41] the house was broken into (Hutchinson and his family narrowly escaping) and systematically ransacked. He died on 7 Jun 1931 in Trenton, Northumberland, Ontario, Canada. Request a copy of this page. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Thomas C. Hutchinson Jr was born c. 1955. Although some had been issued (ironically over Hutchinson's objections) in earlier years, the writs he authorized were in some cases renewals of existing writs necessitated by the accession of King George III to the throne. His properties, like those of other exiled Loyalists, were seized and sold off by the state; his Milton home was eventually purchased by James and Mercy Otis Warren (the latter being the sister of his long-time enemy James Otis, Jr.)[89][90], Bitter and disillusioned about his forced exile, and grieving the loss of his daughter Peggy in 1777, Hutchinson continued to work on his history of the colony which was the fruit of many decades of research. Adams and the Otises seized on the issue to rail against his monopolization of power (since he was also a lieutenant governor and sat on the council) and lack of legal qualifications for the post of chief justice. She was the first of five children (one girl and four boys) born in the Norfolk/Suffolk area of England, to Thomas Hutchinson and Anne Browne Hutchinson. 1765: Hutchinson Mansion attacked during Stamp Act protests He was convinced that the rebellious spirit was only the work of such patriot hotheads as Samuel Adams, for whom he developed a deep enmity. On 6 May 1871, Winnie Mae Hutchinson was born. However, the Massachusetts petition was seen as weak in comparison to those prepared by other colonies, and Hutchinson was claimed to be secretly seeking to promote the Stamp Act. England including ancestors + descendants + 2 photos + Y-chromosome DNA + more in the free family tree community. Thomas Hutchinson was born on 16 May 1857 in Wellington, Prince Edward, Ontario, Canada. [23], When Governor Shirley's political opponents engineered his recall in 1756, Hutchinson sought and received the endorsement of the British military leader Lord Loudoun to succeed Shirley as governor. Bailyn has changed his own interpretation over the years. [79] Other cargo was unloaded from the ships, but armed protestors patrolled the docks to ensure the tea was not landed. Thomas William Hutchinson was born in Hunslet, Yorkshire on 1893 to Thomas W Hutchinson and Elizabeth Hutchinson. [31] In the ensuing debates, however, differences emerged between Hutchinson and others over Parliament's supremacy and the feasibility of having formal colonial representation there,[32] which were exacerbated by the personal animosity that had developed between Hutchinson and the Otis. The Hutchinson coat of arms is blazoned as follows: Per pale, gules and azure, semee of cross-crosslets, and a lion rampant, or. [46] Amid increased furor after the passage of the 1767 Townshend Acts, Governor Bernard requested and received British Army troops to protect crown officials. In the 2015 miniseries Sons of Liberty, Hutchinson is portrayed by Sean Gilder. Tyler, John W. and Elizabeth Dubrulle (eds. Thomas Hutchins (Monmouth County, NJ 1730 April 18, 1789, Pittsburgh) was an American military engineer, cartographer, geographer and surveyor. Thomas Hutchinson was born on 9 September 1711 in the North End of Boston, the fourth of twelve children of Thomas and Sarah Foster Hutchinson. Thomas Hutchinson was assessed with 2 hearths as the 1672 Hearth Tax at Pudsey. Hutchinson would play a major role in numerous events leading up to Many pages of the work were lost that night and had to be recreated. [24] Hutchinson's application was unsuccessful, but he did receive an appointment as lieutenant governor in 1758, serving under Thomas Pownall. You can search for individuals, display family trees, calculate relationships, read family histories and view family photographs and other historical documents. [57] Written debates with the assembly extended to the role of Parliament in governing the policies, and further deepened the divide between it and Hutchinson. Hutchinson was acting governor at the time of the Boston Massacre in 1770; he felt impelled to administer the letter of the British law and thus became more and more unpopular. . [17] When the British government was convinced to refund the province's expense for mounting the 1745 Louisbourg expedition, Hutchinson seized upon the idea of using the massive payment (about 180,000 in gold and silver) to retire the province's paper currency. He came to Milton in 1920. Most important, the report drafted by Hutchinson concluded that the colonies must be encouraged to establish "a Union of His Majesty's several governments on the continent, that so their councils, treasure, and strength may be employed in due proportion against their common enemy". [21], Hutchinson's wife died quite suddenly in 1754; Hutchinson thereafter threw himself into his work. Parents. Thomas Hutchinson (9 September 1711 3 June 1780) was a businessman, historian, and a prominent Loyalist politician of the Province of Massachusetts Bay in the years before the American Revolution. Hutchinson in particular wrote that "It cannot be good to tax the Americans You will lose more than you gain. [36] Hutchinson privately supported calls for its repeal, but his unwillingness to publicly oppose the act merely provided additional fuel for his opponents. [68] He made no specific proposals on how the colonial government should be reformed, writing in a letter that was not among those published, "I can think of nothing but what will produce as great an evil as that which it may remove or will be of a very uncertain event. He continued to be treated favorably by the king, but was compelled to refuse the offer of a baronetcy because most of his fortune was lost due to his exile,[87] and became marginalized from power as the prosecution of the war took center stage. [63][64][65] Franklin's belief was only partially vindicated: the publication of the letters unleashed a torrent of vitriol against Hutchinson, but did nothing to lessen opposition to Parliamentary policy: instead the opposition saw the letters as confirmation of a conspiracy against their rights. The Sanford and Hutchinson families had a long history of business and personal connections; Margaret, in fact, was his third cousin. [6] His younger brother was Foster Hutchinson. Thomas Hutchinson was born on November 5 1570, in Newark, Nottinghamshire, England, to Thomas Hutchinson and Jane Hutchinson. Boost. He was often seen as a traitor to his native Massachusetts and the cause of freedom. He was born A native Bostonian, born September 9, 1711 to a wealthy merchant family, Hutchinson was, like many of his future political opponents, educated at Harvard University. They have nobly taken up arms in your defense" on the floor of Parliament in opposition to the Stamp Act. . Isaac Barre, a prominent Member of Parliament, drew heavily on the themes presented in Hutchinson's letters: he proclaimed that "Your oppressions planted them. Historian Bernard Bailyn wrote of Hutchinson, "If there was one person in America whose actions might have altered the outcome [of the protests and disputes preceding the American Revolutionary War], it was he. Thomas Hutchinson (20 June 1872 1933) was a Scottish footballer who played as a centre-forward. [13] He spoke out against the province's practice of issuing bills of credit (as a form of paper currency), whose inflationary drop in value wrought havoc in the economy. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Franklin had acquired a packet of letters,[60] written in the late 1760s by Hutchinson and other colonial officials, from which he concluded that Hutchinson and Oliver had mischaracterized the situation in the colonies, and thus misled Parliament. [54], One of Hutchinson's instructions was to relocate the provincial assembly from Boston to Cambridge, where it would be less under the influence of radical Boston politics. [1] He was a successful merchant and politician, and was active at high levels of the Massachusetts government for many years, serving as lieutenant governor and then governor from 1758 to 1774.
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